Ni bangahe uzi kubyerekeye urukuta rukomatanyije?

Igicapo gikomatanyije ni igisekuru gishya cyimyubakire yimikorere yimbere igabanijwe mubikorwa byinganda.Ikozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye byubaka kandi isimbuza amatafari gakondo na tile., Inyungu igaragara yubwubatsi bwihuse.
1. Ibiranga ikibaho
Ibicuruzwa bikomatanyirijwe hamwe ni: imbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoshye, kurengera ibidukikije, kubika ubushyuhe, kubika ubushyuhe, kubika amajwi, kwirinda umuriro, kutangiza amazi no gushiraho byihuse nibindi byiza byuzuye, ni ibikoresho byiza bizigama ingufu zububiko bwa kijyambere.
2. Uburyo bwo kwitegura
Ikibaho gikomatanyije gikoresha sima isanzwe ya Portland, umucanga, isazi yisazi cyangwa indi myanda yinganda nka slag, amazi, slag, nibindi. gabanya cyane ibicuruzwa byinshi, ntibigabanya gusa ikiguzi cyibintu, ahubwo bigera no kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwiza hamwe ningaruka zo kubika amajwi.Ibice bya polifenilene hamwe na pore bigabanywa neza mubicuruzwa, bigatuma beto ikora skeleton yizenguruko yubuki, bityo igashyigikirana kandi ikongerera ubushobozi bwo kwikuramo.Kwiyongera kw'ivu ry'isazi ntabwo bitezimbere gusa imikorere ya beto ya beto, ahubwo binongera imbaraga za sima mugice cyakurikiyeho, bityo bikongerera imbaraga ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gukira, imbaraga za flexural ziyongera 80%, hamwe na modulus ya guturika byiyongera hejuru ya 50%.
3. Ingano yo gusaba
Irakwiriye kumishinga ifite ibyangombwa byinshi byo gukenera amajwi, nka hoteri, ktv, amashuri, ibitaro, nibindi.
Irakwiriye kumishinga ifite ibyangombwa byubaka byubatswe, nkurukuta rwubucuruzi bwamazu hamwe ninkuta zivugururwa rya kabiri.
Bikurikizwa kumishinga isaba koroshya imizigo yinkuta: inkuta ndende cyane, amazu yicyuma cyoroheje, ibyuma, amazu yubatswe.
Irakwiriye kumishinga ifite ibisabwa byihariye mukurinda umuriro, nk'iriba ry'imiyoboro, firewall, n'ibikoni binini.=
Bikoreshwa mumishinga isaba iterambere ryubwubatsi.
Irakoreshwa mumishinga ifite ibisabwa byihariye kubirinda amazi kandi birinda amazi: ubwiherero, umusarani, igikoni, hanze nindi mishinga.
Bikurikizwa kumishinga isaba kumanika imisumari hamwe nu mugereka: ibikoresho, imitako yo murugo, inkuta zimbere ninyuma nizindi nkuta zisanzwe zigabanijwe.
4. Amateka yiterambere
Ubushinwa bufite umuco wo gucukura no gutwika amatafari kuva kera.Hamwe n'umwuka wo kubungabunga ingufu z'igihugu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kugira ngo tugere ku ntego ya “Imyaka cumi n'umwe n'itanu” yo guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya by'urukuta, guhindura imiterere y'inganda, kuzigama umutungo w'ingufu n'ingufu, no kurengera ibidukikije.Intego yibikorwa byiterambere rirambye byerekana ko ivugurura ryibikoresho byigihugu cyanjye ryinjiye mu ntera nshya.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bishya byurukuta bivuka mugihe cyamateka.Mubyiciro byambere byiterambere nyuma yivugurura, hagaragaye ibikoresho bitandukanye byurukuta rwamacakubiri, nka: amatafari ahumeka, imbaho ​​zidafite akamaro, imbaho ​​za gypsumu, imbaho ​​za magnesite, amatafari ya sima nibindi bikoresho bihagarariye.Nubwo buri bwoko bwibicuruzwa bifite umwihariko wabwo, bufite umwanya wabwo ku isoko.Nyamara, icyifuzo cyisoko gikeneye ibikoresho bishya byurukuta rushobora guhuza imikorere yibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru.Muri ibi bidukikije, havutse imbaho ​​zoroheje zikora urukuta.
Dukurikije imibare, gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje byububiko birashobora kuzigama hafi 30% yikiguzi cyose, kandi ubwubatsi bwurukuta rwibibaho bushobora kuba byibuze inshuro 3 kurenza iy'amatafari n'amatafari.Umubare wibibaho byurukuta mubihugu no mukarere byateye imbere kwisi ni: 72% mubuyapani, 69% mubihugu byuburayi na Amerika, 60% muri Hong Kong, na 46% muburasirazuba bwo hagati no muburasirazuba bwa Aziya yepfo.Mubushinwa, imikoreshereze yinkuta nshya zingana na 10% gusa.Isabwa ryinshi ryibikoresho byubaka mubushinwa no gukoresha cyane paneli nshya muburayi na Amerika byerekana ko iterambere ryibikoresho bishya byinkuta mubushinwa ari byinshi.
Mumyaka yiterambere ryibibaho byoroheje, ababikora bafite imyumvire itandukanye yiterambere ryiterambere ryisoko.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibibaho byoroheje kurukuta ku isoko, kandi ubukana bwubushakashatsi bwibicuruzwa niterambere byagiye byiyongera buhoro buhoro icyuho cyubwiza bwubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bitandukanye.Ikoranabuhanga rikuze rikuze, gukumira umuriro, kuzigama umwanya nakazi, kutabangikanya, kubika amajwi, guhuza ibikorwa bifatika hamwe nizindi nkuta zo mu rwego rwohejuru zoroheje, inkuta zoroheje zometse ku rukuta (code code yinganda FPB) nkibicuruzwa byinganda.FPB yakomeje kuvugurura formulaire binyuze mumyaka yubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi hamwe na kaminuza nyinshi zizwi cyane zo murugo, kandi mugihe kimwe, yigiye kubihuza nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bwo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, bituma ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bukura mubijyanye no kudacika intege, urumuri uburemere, no kwirinda umuriro.Imikorere nkiyi kandi izirikana imikorere isumba iyindi yo kwifata no kurwanya ingaruka.Hamwe niterambere mu myaka yashize, inganda zunganira hamwe nibikoresho byububiko bwurukuta rwahindutse buhoro buhoro, kandi imbaho ​​zometseho urukuta zagiye ziyongera buhoro buhoro kuva ku isoko ryambere ryo hejuru kugeza ku isoko ryo hagati, kandi hari umwanya mugari. yiterambere niterambere ryimbitse no kubishyira mubikorwa.
5. Isesengura ryibibazo bisanzwe
Mugihe cyo guteza imbere urukuta rukomatanyije mumyaka mike ishize, ababikora bose bafata formulaire hamwe nibikorwa bya panne compteur nkibanze shingiro ryihiganwa ryibigo, bityo bakaba bafite ibanga rikomeye, kandi hakabura ubunararibonye hagati yinganda, bikavamo bamwe ubunararibonye bwibicuruzwa bishya bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya injeniyeri kubera ubuziranenge butujuje ubuziranenge.Kuba haribibazo byubuziranenge bizagira ingaruka kumazina no gutezimbere ibikoresho byose bishya byurukuta.Harimo ibishishwa byubutaka, U-shitingi ya U-shusho, ubwinshi bwubuso butaringaniye, flash burrs, ubuso bwibibaho biroroshye kugunduka, ikosa ryubusa, ibicuruzwa birebire byerekana ibicuruzwa, umusaruro muke, igiciro kinini cyumusaruro hamwe nuruhererekane rwibibazo no kwishyiriraho.
6. Ingaruka z’umutingito
Imiterere-itatu-imwe yububiko bwa wallboard ifite uburemere bworoshye nimbaraga nyinshi.Ifata ibyubatswe mbere, kandi ikibaho cyahujwe nurukuta kugirango rukore byose.Ingaruka zo kurwanya ingaruka ziruta iz'ubukorikori busanzwe.Kuzunguruka hagati yinkingi zubatswe nimirongo, imikorere muri rusange irahagaze, irashobora kugabanya umutwaro winyubako, kandi igashyirwa kumiterere, igateza umutekano muke kumiterere yinyubako, irashobora gukumira neza umutingito, kandi ntakibazo cyo gusenyuka.Amazu yonyine yarokotse ibiza bikomeye nka serwakira ya Charlotte n'umutingito wa Wenchuan yubatswe hamwe na side.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2022